It may be true that expats tend to move to Abu Dhabi for the tax-free wealth, but the reasons they stay are manifold. Azure waves gently lapping on pearly beaches; gorgeous mosques with towering minarets contrasted by glittering skyscrapers and surrounded by green spaces; a vibrant cosmopolitan metro infused with Arab tradition and hospitality; year-round sunshine; uber-modern shopping and entertainment venues... The list goes on. It's no wonder expats stay far longer than they initially anticipated.

Living in Abu Dhabi as an expat

Once a desert outpost dependent on pearl diving and fishing, the United Arab Emirates' capital and largest emirate has grown tremendously in the last two decades and emerged as an attractive destination luring foreigners from around the globe. Having made an effort to diversify its economy over the last few years, and particularly since oil prices dropped so dramatically in 2015, there are many work opportunities available in Abu Dhabi in various sectors.

Expats who are drawn to Dubai will find that the two emirates share many of the same characteristics, including a thriving expat community that greatly outnumbers the local population, a vibrant lifestyle and an extremely safe environment where crime and theft are rarities.

Though the majority of those living in Abu Dhabi are foreigners, behaviour in the emirate is nonetheless mandated by the Islamic faith, and it's essential expats familiarise themselves with what to expect and learn to respect traditional Arab culture.

Expat families and children

Life in Abu Dhabi progresses at a slower pace than in Dubai, and the city is often characterised as being more family friendly and better suited to those looking to settle down and stay a while. Not to mention, the UAE's capital is less built-up and boasts broader patches of greenery.

The largest concern expats moving to Abu Dhabi will have is suitable schooling for their children. While a number of reputable private international schools exist, shortages are common and admission competitive. It's important to start the enrolment process as early as possible.

Cost of living in Abu Dhabi

Life in Abu Dhabi is far from cheap, and the luxurious lifestyle that was once a given thanks to hefty relocation packages is no longer a guarantee. The increasing rarity of such packages, along with the continuously rising cost of living, means that expats need to be smart about how they spend their money in the emirate.

Accommodation will be an expat's largest expense, and those with children will need to ensure there's plenty of room in their budget for international school fees and other school-related expenses. Transport is another concern. While petrol is cheap in the UAE, cars aren't. In some cases, shipping one's car from home can be more cost effective than buying or renting a car in Abu Dhabi.

Climate in Abu Dhabi

In addition to getting used to the cultural climate, expats living in Abu Dhabi will also have to adapt to the stifling summer heat and the artificial air-conditioned cocoon in which the city enshrouds itself in this desert emirate. The emirate's sweltering weather is one of its less appealing attributes, and it's common for expats and locals alike to travel abroad to escape the hottest months.

Ultimately, though, expats tend to fall in love with Abu Dhabi's way of life, and even though salaries in the emirate might not be as astronomical and alluring as they once were, expats still make it work – many for the long haul.

Due to its relatively small local population, the economy of the United Arab Emirates depends on qualified expats working in Abu Dhabi and its surrounds to keep the wheels spinning. In fact, the overwhelming majority of Abu Dhabi’s economy is made up of expats, and these foreigners hold jobs in any number of important sectors.

That said, the abundance of available positions that marked the course of the last decade has dwindled somewhat, and the income-tax-free environment that attracted expats en masse now holds less of an allure because of skyrocketing housing costs and salary levels that haven’t increased proportionately. Emiratisation is another factor to consider for prospective job seekers in Abu Dhabi.

Nevertheless, those with the right sets of skills who come to Abu Dhabi for a brief stint often end up staying for longer than they intended, mainly because of the luxe lifestyle.

Most expats who relocate to Abu Dhabi do so with an employment contract in place. The best methods of finding a job from abroad are to register with local recruitment agencies and to peruse the employment sections of the local newspapers, such as Gulf News, Khaleej Times and The National. 

Scouring company websites, job portals and networking via social media sites can also be beneficial. If already in the emirate, networking with friends, locals and fellow expats is essential.

Expats will find that the ease of changing jobs is something they may have previously taken for granted. Career flexibility is limited due to regulations put in place to discourage job-hopping, so it's important that expats are aware of any limitations prior to signing up for a new job.

Work culture in Abu Dhabi

The business world in Abu Dhabi has an international feel, thanks to the presence of numerous multinational corporations from all over the globe. English is commonly spoken.

That said, Islam does have a noticeable presence in day-to-day working life. For instance, business may be interrupted by the five-times-daily prayer, and working hours during Islamic holiday periods such as Ramadan are shortened. Expats should take care to respect Islamic customs at all times.

The UAE, overall, boasts modern and sophisticated medical infrastructure, and healthcare facilities in Abu Dhabi are world class and easily accessible to expats.

Most public hospitals offer good quality healthcare, but many expats still choose private medical centres, and some even opt to return to their home countries for complicated surgeries or specialist procedures.

Nevertheless, the standard of healthcare in Abu Dhabi is high, English is commonly spoken and much of the medical staff are foreign-trained expats. 

Healthcare facilities in Abu Dhabi

Both public and private healthcare facilities are available in Abu Dhabi, and the level of care and comfort is highly regarded across the board.

Many expats still hold onto the perspective that public facilities largely function as emergency service centres, and private facilities and clinics are more appropriate for everything else. Regardless of this viewpoint, an expat's specific health insurance coverage often dictates in which hospitals they can receive treatment.

Doctors in Abu Dhabi are generally thought to be accessible, and service is prompt. For the most part, all health workers speak English, though some are more proficient than others. Many health workers have received their education abroad, and it’s not unusual for expats to seek out professionals with accreditation from their home country.

High prices accompany healthcare in Abu Dhabi, but all employers are required by law to finance their expat employees' health insurance, which usually covers most of the costs. Where there are exceptions to this rule, expats will only have to finance a small co-pay.

Health insurance in Abu Dhabi

Health insurance is a mandatory prerequisite to obtaining a residence visa in the UAE, and is organised and financed by the employer. In Abu Dhabi, the law requires that the expat's dependants are covered as well.

Once registered for a health insurance policy, expats will receive a health insurance card. This is then presented at the appointed hospital or clinic to receive care.

Pharmacies in Abu Dhabi

There are many pharmacies across Abu Dhabi, a number of which are open 24 hours a day. Pharmacists are able to give advice for minor ailments and can generally speak English to a high standard, given that pharmacy degrees and courses in the UAE tend to be taught in English.

Medication in Abu Dhabi is generally expensive, and expats should hang onto the receipt if planning to claim from medical aid. The brand name of certain medications may differ from country to country, so it's best to keep a list of the generic names of drugs handy.

Health hazards in Abu Dhabi

The extreme summer heat in Abu Dhabi, particularly from June to September, is something that many expats may struggle to adjust to. Temperatures can average around 100°F (40°C) during this season, peaking in August. Many expats plan long family holidays during this period to escape the uncomfortably hot conditions.

As a result of the soaring temperatures, heatstroke, sunburn and dehydration are common ailments for expats living in Abu Dhabi, and sensible precautions are advised for those partaking in any outdoor activities.

Sand and dust storms are also common, and can aggravate any pre-existing respiratory problems.

Vaccinations and pre-travel requirements for Abu Dhabi

No vaccinations are required for entry and residence in Abu Dhabi; however, a certificate is required for cholera and yellow fever if arriving from an affected area. Tap water in the city centre is safe to drink, but elsewhere only bottled water should be consumed.

Expats must pass a health exam to be granted their residency visa, and those that test positive for HIV/AIDS will be denied entry. In Abu Dhabi, this includes a chest x-ray to determine whether the expat has signs of tuberculosis. Additionally, expats moving to the UAE who will be working as food handlers, housemaids, nannies and barbers must be tested for hepatitis B and syphilis.

Emergency services in Abu Dhabi

Local facilities are well equipped and professionals are well trained to handle most emergency situations. Expats can dial 999 for any emergencies.

Hospitals in Abu Dhabi

Al Noor Hospital Khalifa Street

Website: www.mediclinic.ae
Address: Khalifa Street, Abu Dhabi

Cleveland Clinic

www.clevelandclinicabudhabi.ae
Address: 59 Hamouda Bin Ali Al Dhaheri St, Jazeerat Al Maryah, Abu Dhabi

Corniche Hospital

www.corniche.seha.ae
Address: Corniche Road East, Salam Street, Abu Dhabi

Sheikh Khalifa Medical City

Website: www.skmc.seha.ae
Address: Al Karama Street, Al Tibbiyah, Abu Dhabi

There are plenty of shipping and relocation companies in Abu Dhabi. Sometimes the employer will have an in-house or preferred provider who aims to make the move as smooth as possible. Relocation companies can be hired to assist with every aspect of the move to Abu Dhabi, from furniture transportation to school enrolment.

Expats moving to Abu Dhabi may have a housing allowance stipulated in their contract, depending on their job. In such a case, the employer will either allow an expat to choose their own accommodation in Abu Dhabi or allocate them a home prior to relocating. We recommend expats negotiate the above with their prospective employer if it isn't already included in the contract.

Expats wanting to rent a property in Abu Dhabi will find that lease rates are on the decline, and newer areas of Abu Dhabi may even experience a brief oversupply that will further increase affordability. But rental prices are still expensive, especially in the highly sought-after on-island locations. The most popular areas are Bateen and Karama for houses, and Al Khalidiya and Corniche for apartments.

Before picking an area to live in, though, expats should decide what their priorities are and what they’re willing to sacrifice. Each area of Abu Dhabi has its own unique set of pros and cons; we recommend newcomers speak to other expats about their experiences, and also consider things such as commute times to work and to local schools for those with school-aged children, congestion and noise level in the area, proximity to amenities, and perhaps also which areas are most popular with expat communities.

In order to legally work in Abu Dhabi, expats will need to obtain a residence visa sponsorship for employment.

As the title indicates, it’s necessary for expats to have an employer sponsor them by offering them a job contract and by applying with the appropriate authorities for the visa.

For the most part, the hiring company assumes the responsibility of completing most of the paperwork and braving the bureaucracy that comes with it. That said, it never hurts for expats to familiarise themselves with the process, and take note of the documents they must submit to help them on their way.

Getting a work permit in Abu Dhabi

After finding a job and successfully negotiating a job contract, by far the hardest part of the process, expats then need to apply for permission to work in Abu Dhabi by obtaining a residence visa. The process of securing a residence visa will normally be handled by the employer and the employee must provide all the requested notarised paperwork to their employer to support the application process.

Generally, companies are familiar with this process and will provide the applicant with a clear list of the documents they must gather.

Eventually, the successful applicant will be issued with an entry permit, which allows them to come to Abu Dhabi and the greater UAE.

Upon arrival, expats must complete and pass a medical exam, and submit the results to their employer. They will finish the application process with this information, and the applicant will be issued with a labour card; the official document that gives them the right to work in Abu Dhabi.

*Visa regulations are subject to change at short notice and expats should contact their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.

While Abu Dhabi has a number of options available when it comes to education and schooling, most expat parents opt for private international schools. Expat children may be admitted to local public schools, but the significant language and culture barriers make this an uncommon choice.

There are many private international schools in Abu Dhabi that adhere to various curricula, and the range of options are constantly expanding to cater to the city’s mushrooming expat community.

Predictably, with so many options, the standard, quality of facilities, teaching style, curriculum and teaching language all vary immensely from one school to another. Most expat parents choose an institution that mirrors the characteristics found in their home country's education system.

International schools in Abu Dhabi

New arrivals in Abu Dhabi will have quite a job on their hands deciding on the right school for their child. The British, American and International Baccalaureate (IB) schools tend to be the most popular, but also the most expensive. Inclusions of school allowances are less common than they used to be in expat packages, so we’d advise expats either negotiate for this or ensure their salary is large enough to cover the costs. 

All schools are required to adhere to a uniform school calendar, made up of three terms, with the school year running from September to July. The school week runs from Sunday to Thursday, and school hours vary depending on the institution.

While international schools have more freedom in their curricula and language than local public schools, they are still required to adhere to certain local schooling regulations. Arabic as an additional language must be taught at all schools up to Grade 9, although students usually only have to achieve basic proficiency. Schools are also obliged to have Islamic Studies available as a subject. Attendance of Islamic Studies is compulsory for Muslim students, but optional for non-Muslim students.

Admission to international schools

One commonality shared across the board is seat shortages; Indian schools, in particular, have trouble accommodating the growing number of interested students in Abu Dhabi. Primary schools are also notorious for denying students due to unavailability. Even waiting lists can be long, and though efforts have been made to open new international schools in Abu Dhabi in recent years, space is still limited. 

Finding a school can easily be the highest hurdle new arrivals must overcome and, in turn, should be an issue addressed from the very beginning.

Expats should not be afraid to ask their employer to help them secure a seat for their child, especially if they’ve been lured abroad into a senior position. We recommend expats start the enrolment process as early as possible – applications and admission requirements are usually posted on school websites.

Those who cannot place their child into the school of their choice immediately should be patient, as the turnover of students is high and places become available throughout the year.

School fees

As is the case the world over, international school fees in Abu Dhabi are often extremely high.

On top of the cost of tuition, most schools in Abu Dhabi have full uniforms, and many have a school bus transport system. Along with textbooks and other equipment, expats should remember to factor in these extra costs.

It's important to check whether a relocation package includes a school allowance; unfortunately, the days when this was a given are long gone. Also, most allowances won't be enough to cover a top school's tuition in full – so expats should make sure their salary is enough to cover the extra costs. We recommend expats negotiate for a better school allowance in such cases, especially if considering a senior position.

Tutors in Abu Dhabi

Private tutors in Abu Dhabi have started to gain massive traction in recent years. For expat families, tutors can be particularly useful in helping children adjust to a new curriculum, learn a new language or maintain their mother tongue.

We’d advise that parents conduct thorough research to find reputable tutors. Web portals and forums are a good place to start, and international schools will also be able to point parents in the right direction.

A few tutoring agencies worth considering are Sylvan Learning, Kip McGrath and Carfax Education.

Special-needs education in Abu Dhabi

The UAE government has in recent years begun to focus on providing support to students with special educational needs. As a result, more public schools are now equipped to support such students. The ultimate goal is integration so that even those with special educational needs can develop alongside their peers.

Some international schools have excellent special-needs education programmes, while others don't offer support in this regard at all. Parents with children with special needs should be sure to do their research before settling on a school.

The expat lifestyle in Abu Dhabi has achieved nearly mythical proportions; many foreigners moving here conjure images of paradise and a life characterised with lavish luxury.

And for a good number of expats it’s true that life in the emirate is centred on shopping, relaxation and socialising. For many, material wealth is much easier to come by in the emirate and, initially, finding new cause to swipe the credit card is invigorating.

Malls abound, an energised nightlife beckons and with such a large community of foreigners, there always seems to be something exciting happening.

That said, for others with less lucrative salaries or for those who no longer value the pull of the spend, it's necessary to be a little more inventive when it comes to living the good life, especially in summer when the oppressive heat eliminates any opportunity for outdoor fun. 

Shopping in Abu Dhabi

There is no doubt that the shopping in Abu Dhabi is excellent. Plenty of souks (markets), malls and airport duty-free shops exist in and around the city.

Souks are the place to go for oriental carpets, gold and antique jewellery, electronic gadgets, designer clothes, cosmetics, spices and souvenirs. Great shopping locations include the Souk at Central Market, the Fish Souk in the Mina Zayed Free Port, the Al Mina Fruit and Vegetable Souk or the modern adaptation of a marketplace at Souq Qaryat Al Beri. Typical gifts for family members back home include traditional coffee pots, Bedouin jewellery and antique chests.

Shopping malls open around 10am most days, and close late, even past midnight in some cases. In Abu Dhabi alone, there are more than 10 separate malls or centres, each with familiar Western outlets and cinemas. The two largest are Marina Mall and Abu Dhabi Mall. The famous Abu Dhabi Shopping Festival, held in March each year, offers amazing bargains and shopping prizes that lure visitors from all over the world.

Nightlife in Abu Dhabi

The nightlife in Abu Dhabi is surprisingly lively, even if the city claims a reputation as being more 'family friendly' than neighbouring Dubai. As most expats will quickly realise, there are two centres of the Abu Dhabi social scene: malls and hotels. Malls are places to see and be seen, to go to the cinema, or to shop. Hotels have everything else, and all under one roof: happy hour, dinner, drinks and nightclubs.  

Local nightclubs tend to feature international DJs as well as traditional Arab singers and belly dancers. Expats can also look out for regular live music, happy hours, quiz nights and ladies' nights to spice up the regular routine.

While hotel bar house bands tend to be the most consistent form of music and theatre in Abu Dhabi, there are some world-class acts that come and go with some regularity. After the summer, the Abu Dhabi Classics season brings in orchestras from around the world, such as the Berlin Philharmonic and the BBC Symphony Orchestra, among others.

Every mall has a cinema showing box office favourites from Holly(and sometimes Bolly)wood, and the New York University Abu Dhabi Institute also hosts occasional film screenings that would appeal to a more high-brow crowd. This is in addition to their extensive programme of public lectures given by visiting and local authors, politicians, musicians and scholars from across the academic spectrum.

For expats who tire of the clubs and restaurants in Abu Dhabi, Dubai is only 90 minutes away. The nightlife scene is bigger and wilder in Dubai, and plenty of hotels offer weekend specials for those in need of an escape.

Eating out in Abu Dhabi

Abu Dhabi is home to a wide range of international cuisine, top-notch restaurants and delivery options.

As a general rule, the best (and most expensive) restaurants in Abu Dhabi are in hotels. They're also the only restaurants allowed to serve alcohol.

Local cuisine largely consists of rice and lamb dishes accompanied by salads, hummus and bread on the side. As Islam frowns upon the consumption of pork, very few restaurants serve the 'other white meat'.

Ramadan

Bear in mind that during the holy month of Ramadan, Muslims and even some expats fast. One is not permitted to eat or drink in public during the day for the duration of the holiday. Many restaurants remain closed until evening, although those in the larger hotels still serve food.

Lunchtime dining during this period takes place behind covered windows in order to show respect. As take-away meals are allowed, many restaurants remain partially open to provide this service, or else do home deliveries. The sale of alcohol is also impacted during this period, with some restaurants not serving it at all for the duration of Ramadan.

That said, it's a great time to try local food as come Iftar (breaking of the fast), big hearty meals are often the norm. Lots of restaurants re-open after sunset during Ramadan, and the family-oriented vibe can make this a great month to eat out.

Meeting people and making friends in Abu Dhabi

Perhaps one of the most daunting parts of moving to a new country is figuring out where and how to make new friends. This can be an intimidating task, but opting into a group or club is a great way to meet people with similar interests in an environment that makes it easier to break the ice. Here are a few clubs to get started with.

The Club

Simply known as The Club, this ultra-exclusive society gives members a host of top-notch facilities, not to mention plenty of opportunities to mix and mingle with fellow members. The Club's grounds have just about everything one could need, from swimming pools and beaches to restaurants and on-site shopping. There's even an art gallery, theatre and library, while those looking for a bit of exercise can head to the gym or partake in activities like diving, football, tennis and climbing.

Abu Dhabi Strollers Football Club

Abu Dhabi Strollers is based in Zayed Sports City and is one of Abu Dhabi's most popular amateur clubs, uniting football lovers from across the world. The club gets together to kick a ball around every week of the year, with each session being regularly attended by around 70 participants. There are also fun social events and outings aplenty, so that members can get to know each other both on the field and off.

UAE Volunteers

A government initiative, the UAE Volunteers website lists volunteer opportunities of all descriptions, making it easy to pick and choose a cause based on one's interests. The benefits of giving time and energy to a good cause are manyfold, from the positive feelings that come from simply doing a good deed to providing an opportunity to meet others with similar passions. The website is available in both English and Arabic.

There are many things to consider when deciding on a move to Abu Dhabi. At the forefront of many expats' concerns are culture, the emirate's education system and the cost of living.

Here are some answers to the most frequently asked questions that expats have about moving to Abu Dhabi.

Is the cost of living in Abu Dhabi really that bad?

The cost of living in Abu Dhabi, overall, is relatively high. However, as with anywhere in the world, an individual’s cost of living is all dependent on their particular lifestyle and family situation. Expat salaries for highly skilled and senior-level management jobs are usually high and it’s worth noting that salaries are tax-free. Accommodation and education will be the two most prominent monthly expenses for expats living in Abu Dhabi.

Will I experience any culture shock in Abu Dhabi?

Even though Abu Dhabi is a multicultural environment where expats make up the majority of the population, Abu Dhabi is still a conservative Islamic emirate and expats coming from more liberal countries may struggle to adjust to this.

Will it be difficult to make friends in Abu Dhabi?

Abu Dhabi, like all areas in the UAE, claims a larger expat population than local one. As a result, there is plenty of opportunity for newcomers to find others who share their language, nationality, ethnicity, background and interests.

How important is it to speak Arabic in Abu Dhabi?

Arabic is the national language of the UAE, but English is the business language, and most signs and documents are published in both. This means it's possible to get by without speaking more than a few words of Arabic – but there is no doubt one can make a real impact in business and social dealings by learning to speak conversational Arabic. So few expats make the effort to do so, that it is the simplest and most effective way to stand out in a positive manner.

Can I ship my pets to Abu Dhabi?

It's possible to ship pets to Abu Dhabi but given the heat and the likelihood of living in an apartment, large animals will not have a high quality of life. On the plus side, there are no quarantine laws.

Expat families looking for a high-quality education will find a wealth of excellent options among the international schools in Abu Dhabi. These schools offer a wide variety of respected curricula and qualifications, such as the English National Curriculum (including Cambridge IGCSE and A-levels), the American High School Diploma and the International Baccalaureate. Cultural diversity is emphasised throughout the emirate's international school system, and most are attended by a wide array of nationalities.

International schools in Abu Dhabi are held up to a high standard by the Abu Dhabi Department of Knowledge and Education (ADEK). This government organisation conducts stringent investigations once every two years. Schools are then given a rating. Comprehensive reports are freely available, allowing parents in Abu Dhabi to select the very best international school for their family.

Popular international schools in Abu Dhabi may reach full capacity before the school year starts, so we advise parents to submit applications as early as possible. Expat children can then look forward to enjoying their new school's top-notch facilities, exciting extra-curricular activities and familiar curriculum.

Parents should be aware that international school fees can be painfully high and might not be all-inclusive. If moving to Abu Dhabi for work, an education allowance for one's children is very much worth negotiating for.

Below is a list of some of the most well-regarded international schools in Abu Dhabi.

International schools in Abu Dhabi

Abu Dhabi International School

The Abu Dhabi International School offers British and American education for Kindergarten through to Grade 12 students. Class sizes are limited to just 23 students who receive individual attention from teachers. The school is attended by more than 70 different nationalities. Read more

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: American, Cambridge IGCSE, A-levels and International Baccalaureate
Ages: 3 to 18

Abu Dhabi Grammar School Canada

Aldar Academies, Al Bateen Academy

Al Bateen Academy provides high-quality education for students from the ages of 4 to 18. Facilities in the school are world-class and technologically advanced, reflecting the needs of 21st-century students. Read more

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: English National Curriculum and International Baccalaureate
Ages: 4 to 18

Aldar Academies, Al Mamoura Academy

Al Mamoura Academy is a mixed primary and girls-only secondary school located near the Sea Palace off the East Ring Road. The school endeavours to enable pupils to reach their full potential and develop them into motivated, ambitious and confident lifelong learners. Read more

Gender: Mixed primary school and girls-only secondary school
Curriculum: American, English National Curriculum, Cambridge IGCSE, A-levels
Ages: 3 to 18

Aldar Academies, Al Yasmina Academy

Al Yasmina Academy, part of the Aldar Academies community, is one of the organisation's longest-established schools, having opened in September 2008. Children at this school are given a high-quality British education. Read more

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: English National Curriculum
Ages: 3 to 18

American Community School of Abu Dhabi

Founded in 1972, this not-for-profit institution has a well-deserved reputation as one of the finest schools in Abu Dhabi. The school teaches the highly regarded American curriculum. There are over 1,000 students in the school, hailing from close to 60 different countries. Read more

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: American
Ages: 4 to 18

Visa requirements for expats interested in living and working in Abu Dhabi are considerably less intensive than in neighbouring Middle Eastern countries. The UAE attempts to make the process of getting a visa as straightforward as possible, and there are plenty of agencies that can facilitate the endeavour.

Most expats will be moving to Abu Dhabi under the condition of an already established residency visa, either through employment sponsorship or family sponsorship. Without this document, it's difficult to accomplish anything in the UAE.

The UAE government maintains an official website with detailed guidelines and policies for visas and work permits.

Tourist visas for Abu Dhabi

Before making plans to travel to the UAE, visitors should find out whether they need to arrange a visit visa beforehand. Nationals of countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) or those from a designated list of countries do not need to organise a visa before arriving in the country; the UK, the USA, and most Western European and Pacific Rim countries appear on this list. Citizens of these countries will be issued with a 30-day or 90-day visitor’s visa (depending on their nationality) when they arrive in the UAE. This visa can be extended for a further 30 days.

Those who do need a visit visa will need the sponsorship of a UAE national, resident or a UAE-based company such as a hotel or airline. Visit visas are granted to those who are coming on holiday, family visits or long-term business can be pre-arranged online through various airlines, including Emirates and Etihad.

Residence visas for Abu Dhabi

Expats who want to obtain a residence visa for Abu Dhabi will need to either be sponsored by an employer, which allows for the right to work and live in the UAE, or by a family member, which only allows for the right to live in the UAE.

Employer sponsorship

► Step 1 – Find a sponsor

In order to obtain a residency visa for work in Abu Dhabi, expats will need to find an employer willing to offer them a job contract and then sponsor their visa. Most companies are familiar with this process and don't consider it a hassle.

Once there is a confirmed position and contract, the employer should assume responsibility for submitting the visa application.

► Step 2 – Get an entry permit

Applicants need to supply their employer with various documents, and it's best to get all documents attested or notarised. The company will provide a comprehensive list of all the required paperwork.

They will then file with the immigration department for an entry permit, which will allow the foreign worker into the country. Once received, they will most likely email the applicant a copy of this document. It's best to print out a copy of this permit to show to airport authorities, and then when arriving in Abu Dhabi retrieve the original copy from the passports section of the Abu Dhabi airport.

► Step 3 – Take required medical test

Once the employee arrives in Abu Dhabi, the company has 60 days to file for a formal residency visa, which will allow the employee to stay in the UAE for one, two or three years. To start the filing process, expats need to pass a medical test and present the certificate to their employer.

Blood and chest x-rays are taken during the medical test; individuals who test positive for HIV/AIDS or pulmonary tuberculosis will not be granted a residency visa and will be deported.

► Step 4 – Obtain a labour card

Once the medical certificate is complete, the sponsoring company submits the application to the Immigration Department. Once processed, the labour card will be given to the applicant.

The employer is responsible for all costs incurred by the process, so expats should not allow themselves to be taken advantage of by carrying any of this cost. 

Family sponsorship in Abu Dhabi

Expats who hold a valid residency employment visa are able to sponsor their family members.

Those who wish to sponsor their family must meet the minimum salary requirements as stipulated by the UAE government. Men of any profession can act as a sponsor, while women can only sponsor their immediate family if they hold a residency visa as an engineer, teacher, doctor, nurse or any other medical industry professional.

It is not possible to sponsor a boyfriend, girlfriend or common-law partner; it's necessary to have a marriage certificate as proof of the relationship.

*Visa regulations are subject to change at short notice and expats should contact their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.

Unlike its uber-popular neighbour Dubai, Abu Dhabi appeals more to families and working expats than sightseeing tourists, but that’s not to say it doesn’t have its fair share of exciting attractions and fun things to see and do. 

Recommended attractions in Abu Dhabi

Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque

The impressive all-white mosque is Abu Dhabi’s landmark building. It's the biggest mosque in the UAE, and is recognised as a key point of worship in this part of the world. A fusion of Ottoman, Memeluke and Fatimid design, this modern mosque took nearly 20 years to build, holds up to 40,000 worshippers, and celebrates Islamic architecture in all its glory. It draws visitors from all over the world, and Muslims and non-Muslims alike can explore all areas of the beautiful structure, complete with guided tours.

Louvre Abu Dhabi

A mammoth structure with a collection to rival all others, the Louvre Abu Dhabi is surely the most impressive museum in the whole of the Middle East. The aggregate of art on display is simply staggering, and the diversity of exhibits is equally mind-boggling, from ancient Egyptian works to Picasso and Bellini all the way through to modern Ai Weiwei structures. The architecture of the building itself is also a sight to behold and certainly a must for new expats.

Ferrari World

One for the petrol heads and automobile aficionados, this branded theme park has an incredible collection of Ferraris, with models dating back to 1947. One could even take an exhilarating rollercoaster ride on the Flying Aces, at speeds of up to 75 miles per hour (120km/h) on a 52m loop – the tallest in the world. Afterwards, take a factory tour or test your Ferrari knowledge on the Ferrari game show. The kids will also love the day out, and they could even get behind the wheel on the Junior GT track.

Observation Deck at 300

While sipping on tea, take in the splendour of the highest vantage point in Abu Dhabi. Located on the 74th floor of Jumeirah at Etihad Towers, this astounding panorama is not to be missed. There is an entry fee for those not staying at the hotel, but this includes a credit voucher that can be redeemed at the Observation Deck's restaurant.

Qasr al-Hosn (White Fort)

Abu Dhabi’s oldest stone building, also known as the ‘White Fort’ or the ‘Old Fort’, was built in 1793 to house the former ruling family and is one of the emirate's biggest historical attractions. After extensive renovations in 1983, it now houses the Cultural Foundation – don’t miss the tile work over the entrance – and is home to a fascinating museum that exhibits the history of the emirate’s culture. 

Yas Waterworld

This sprawling water park on Yas Island is the ultimate reprieve from Abu Dhabi’s searing and unrelenting heat. The park contains such delights as the world’s largest surfable sheet wave, the Jebel Drop (a freefall waterslide), a tube river ride, a tornado water rafting ride, and much else. There’s also a dedicated water play area for the little ones, and plenty of restaurants and shops for parents to peruse.

Warner Bros World

Also on Yas Island is Warner Bros World, a theme park dedicated to the franchise’s many film, comic book and cartoon heroes. There are six 'worlds' all under one roof, from Gotham City and Metropolis to Bedrock and Cartoon Junction – a hit with the kids. Visitors can also go on rides, interact with exhibits and much else. 

Emirates Park Zoo

The Emirates Park Zoo offers a fantastic outing for the whole family. It features elephant and giraffe feeding sessions, bird-of-prey shows and a host of environmental programmes. Highlights include the extensive primate enclosure, flamingo park, and the petting zoo where kids get to feed domestic animals.

Heritage Village

This living museum is designed to showcase the skills and lifestyle of the Bedouin, original inhabitants of this region. The Heritage Village over the Abu Dhabi Corniche has tents, courtyard houses, a working ancient irrigation system and various workshops. Visitors can watch craftspeople weave and do metalwork, and marvel at displays showcasing the ancient art of pearl diving.

Boat tours

To get the best perspective of Abu Dhabi’s imposing skyline, expats should take a boat tour out on the marina. One could go for a quick cruise or choose an island hopping tour, which includes snorkelling and beach sessions on the various islands dotted in the bay. A sunset cruise is also a popular option, and affords spectacular views of the lit skyline.

As with any of the world's cities, life in Abu Dhabi is a mix of swings and roundabouts, peaks and troughs, ups and downs. In the end though, the pros of expat life in Abu Dhabi far outweigh the cons.

Relocation to any destination has its disadvantages and advantages, and expats will find that Abu Dhabi is no different. The better prepared a person is for the less appealing aspects of life abroad, the more successfully they’ll be able to adapt, and the more they'll enjoy the positives.

Below we've listed some of our pros and cons of living in Abu Dhabi.

Culture in Abu Dhabi

+ PRO: A mix of cultures

Abu Dhabi is home to a hodgepodge of different nationalities, each contributing to the jumble of languages and dress, not to mention food and cultures. Navigating the mix and mayhem can be one of the best things about living in the capital of the United Arab Emirates, as one can only learn and grow amid so many influences.

- CON: A mix of cultures

With all those nationalities and different languages, comes communication problems and culture shock. A relaxed attitude, willingness to learn and empathy will equip an expat for life in Abu Dhabi.

Accommodation in Abu Dhabi

- CON: High rents and few living options

Though rent in Abu Dhabi has been astronomical in the past, it's starting to become more of a tenant's market. Still, expats should expect to pay a large portion of their salary for a modest one-bedroom apartment in a less-than-exclusive area. Villas with pools are out of most people's budgets altogether, but are still sought after.

- CON: It will be hard to describe where one lives

Street addresses in Abu Dhabi can be confusing. Although the city is divided into different zones and sectors, with streets in each sector numbered, everyone generally still relies on a system of landmarks to explain their address. Many people have their mail delivered to their office, but that still leaves food, furniture, guests and a host of other items that need to get to one's home. It is best to figure out a good way to describe where one lives as soon as possible. 

Lifestyle in Abu Dhabi

+ PRO: Travel opportunities

Some of the most breathtaking and interesting locations in the world are less than a four-hour flight away: Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia; destinations throughout the Middle East; much of India, Nepal and Sri Lanka; Turkey; Greece; and so much more. People in Abu Dhabi take a lot of vacations, particularly during the hot summer months.

+ PRO: A wealth of hospitality options

Abu Dhabi is expanding at breakneck speed. New five-star hotels – and with them a variety of tasty and trendy eateries – are opening all the time, and not just downtown. Yas Island and the area by the Shangri-La Hotel near the Grand Mosque are exploding with new restaurant, bar and nightclub options.

+ PRO: Cheap eats

Abu Dhabi offers a mind-boggling range of cuisine at restaurants at extremely reasonable prices. Pakistani, Indian, Lebanese, Nepalese, Vietnamese, Chinese and Ethiopian are just a few of the national foods on offer. Take-out food is also much less expensive than elsewhere in the world; a network of drivers on motorcycles will rush to get the food delivered to one's door.

+ PRO: An emerging scene for culture and entertainment

There are a host of incredible new cultural attractions emerging in Abu Dhabi. Saayidat Island has undergone massive transformations to become a world-class cultural and entertainment hub.

Emirates Palace regularly hosts compelling exhibits and a brilliant series of classical performances, and the Abu Dhabi Tourism and Culture Authority brings in interesting entertainment from around the world. The F1 has made Abu Dhabi a circuit stop, and big concerts and other exciting events are always on the agenda.

- CON: Bureaucracy and inefficiency

From reporting a car accident to getting internet access to hooking up electricity, the way things work – or don't – in Abu Dhabi can be incomprehensible to an outsider. Again, patience is required.

- CON: Salaries shrinking, rent skyrocketing

The salaries on offer in Abu Dhabi are no longer as attractive as they once were, while rent has shot up disproportionately. Employment packages also don't contain all the perks they did a few years ago, and prospective employees will have to negotiate for even the basic allowances.

+ PRO: Near constant sunshine, income-tax-free living

In the end, after all the annoyances and differences are factored in, the weather and the lifestyle – and ability to save money – are what draws people to the UAE and keeps them here, many long after they had planned to leave.

Relationships in Abu Dhabi

- CON: Women may feel uncomfortable

Women who move to Abu Dhabi from the West may find themselves receiving attention, even if they dress modestly. Some women get used to this attention, while others continue to feel violated. 

- CON: For men, a lack of women

There are definitely more men than woman in this country – blame the male-dominated oil and gas industry, for starters – and men who move here often complain that it is hard to meet women. This can be particularly true for those working for government companies and who mainly socialise with Emiratis. That said, male expats working in private ventures will find themselves outnumbering the ladies too. Joining one of the many expat organisations, gyms and social clubs can help.

Getting around Abu Dhabi

+ PRO: Cheap taxi fare

A standard taxi fare or ride-hailing service fare is relatively cheap, making getting around easy and accessible. 

- CON: The traffic

People have streamed into Abu Dhabi for decades now – and continue to arrive every day – and the infrastructure has not been able to keep up. Massive roadworks projects are attempting to ease the flow of traffic, but they are either just finishing or midway through.

The worst of it is in morning rush hour and when school lets out. Abu Dhabi's large grid system of multi-lane roads, U-turns, crowded backstreets and a preponderance of aggressive, horn-honking, light-flashing drivers further contribute to tough driving conditions.

The closer to downtown and the Corniche, the worse it is. Many people move out to less congested areas, such as Khalifa City off the island, and the developments out by the Shangri-La Hotel and Qaryat al Beri complex in Musharif.

Abu Dhabi is generally considered to be a more family-friendly destination than neighbouring Dubai, but that doesn’t mean that the city doesn’t have a full calendar of exciting events for expats to enjoy. 

Here are some of our favourite Abu Dhabi events for expats to look forward to.

Annual events in Abu Dhabi

Abu Dhabi Science Festival (January)

The largest event of its kind in the entire region, the annual Abu Dhabi Science Festival is an initiative to support UAE science and tech sectors. The 10-day event draws more than 100,000 visitors and is a fun day out for the whole family, and includes exciting exhibits, workshops and entertaining shows.

Red Bull Air Race (February/March)

The Red Bull Air Race comes to Abu Dhabi every year for an exhilarating showcase of aerial acrobatics by some of the world’s most skilled pilots. High above the impressive Abu Dhabi skyline, single-seat planes race for bragging rights, as spectators look on from the specially built race village on the breakwater of the Corniche.

Abu Dhabi Festival (March)

Started in 2004 by the Abu Dhabi Music and Arts Foundation, the annual Abu Dhabi Festival is a month-long celebration of Arab arts and culture and has become one of the largest cultural events in the Arabian Gulf. Events take place at the Emirates Palace and include music, dance and literary shows from artists from all over the world.

The Mother of the Nation Festival (March/April)

This festival is held to celebrate and honour HH Sheikha Fatima bint Mubarak with cultural events, beach dining, fireworks, musical shows and more. The celebration lasts a full 10 days during which the whole family can find something to enjoy, with many activities, attractions and performances taking place in and around the Corniche.

Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr (April/May)

Ramadan is the holiest month in the Islamic calendar when Muslims fast from dawn till dusk. The end of Ramadan is marked by Eid al-Fitr, a three-day feast, which is one of the biggest celebrations in Abu Dhabi. During the evenings, and during Eid, expats should make the most of indulging in local cuisine and customs.

Abu Dhabi International Hunting and Equestrian Exhibition (September)

This is the region’s most renowned hunting and equestrian extravaganza, showcasing exciting displays of Emirati traditions and culture, including beauty contests for Arabian horses and falcons, camel auctions, and fishing and hunting displays.

Taste of Abu Dhabi (November)

This Abu Dhabi food festival takes place over three days and sees both local and international chefs come together across the city to demonstrate their culinary skills in a celebration of delicious food, from gourmet delicacies to street food delights. International celebrity chefs and live music acts add to the entertainment.

Abu Dhabi Grand Prix (November)

Held at the impressive Yas Marina Circuit, the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix was founded in 2009 and has only grown in popularity. It’s without a doubt the emirate’s biggest spectacle of the year and draws in thousands of petrol heads and fashionistas alike. After the race, the city buzzes with big concerts and other entertainment.

The best places to live in Abu Dhabi

Each area and suburb of Abu Dhabi has its own unique qualities and there are plenty of options for expats looking for accommodation in the emirate.

Expats moving to Abu Dhabi will certainly want to learn a little about each part of the city before securing property. Below we've listed some of the areas that are popular with expats.

Downtown Abu Dhabi

Abu Dhabi's city centre is a vibrant collection of shops, shisha bars, malls, five-star hotels and restaurants. The neighbourhoods that make up this capital city heartland are home to young singles and families alike, and most accommodation is found in low- and high-rise residential towers.

Expats who crave the frenetic energy of city life will find that downtown is just the ticket; every imaginable amenity is within reach and there are countless opportunities to socialise, entertain and dine out.

There are also good school and healthcare options in this part of the city. However, residents will have to sacrifice space and learn to deal with the congestion caused by crowds and traffic, especially on weekends.

Al Zahiyah and Al Markaziyah

Al Zahiyah and Al Markaziyah are two cosmopolitan areas offering a number of attractions, such as the Abu Dhabi Mall and the Corniche (waterfront). Abu Dhabi Mall is one of the largest shopping centres in the city and packed with high-street brands. 

The Corniche has appeal for those expats who enjoy outdoor pursuits such as jogging, cycling or even just leisurely strolls. This area also has a vibrant nightlife scene as the numerous hotels are filled with bars and clubs.

Housing in Al Zahiyah and Al Markaziyah is limited to high-rise apartments; expats who choose to live here will have to compromise space for access. Parking can also be a problem, and some landlords will charge thousands extra for a space. 

Young trendy areas in Abu Dhabi

Lying just outside the city centre, these areas bustle with life but are slightly quieter and more spacious. Traffic is bad during rush hour and weekends, and finding parking can be difficult. It normally takes 10 to 15 minutes from these areas to the city centre on a quiet day, and 30 to 45 minutes during rush hour.

Madinat Zayed

Madinat Zayed is close to the city centre and generally quieter and less congested than those districts found in the city proper. Properties in Madinat Zayed are slightly older than those in the city centre, although prices are much the same.

Al Wahda

Al Wahda is slightly further out than Madinat Zayed and traffic is lighter and parking easier to come by. Al Wahda Mall has a great range of shops and a large Lulu supermarket for groceries. Getting a taxi here is particularly easy because of the presence of the local bus station.

Khalidiya

Khalidiya is a bustling area with a large Western community. Khalidiya Park is great for kids and a family picnic. There are also lots of shisha cafes that are popular among young expats. The Corniche is within walking distance for those who want to visit the popular waterfront. Abela Supermarket is nearby, while Spinneys is but a short drive; both offer a good range of products.

Family-friendly areas of Abu Dhabi

These areas have large expat communities and are good for families because of their proximity to a number of international schools. Housing in this area mainly consists of villas.

Al Karamah

Al Karamah is quiet, with villa compounds that house a large expat community. The compounds come complete with gyms, swimming pools and additional facilities. Standalone villas and low-rise apartments are also available. Traffic is light and parking spaces are plentiful.

Al Rawdah and Al Mushrif

Al Radwah and Al Mushrif are quiet suburban areas perfect for family living. While there are a few corner shops, expats will have to travel to Al Wahda or the large Carrefour, which is slightly further out, to do large grocery shopping. Traffic is light and parking spaces plentiful, while getting a taxi is easy for the most part.

Al Muroor

Decently priced villas and close proximity to good schools make Al Muroor great for families looking to avoid the frenetic pace and congestion of the city centre. While parking spaces are plentiful, getting a taxi is difficult at times.

The Corniche is within walking distance and offers a great stretch for those who want to go running or cycling. This part of Abu Dhabi is also quite green, making it good for picnics and outdoor activities.

Abu Dhabi’s mainland

Khalifa City

Khalifa City is an up-and-coming suburb of Abu Dhabi. Streets are quiet and parking spaces and taxis are plentiful. As it’s still a developing area, houses are well spaced. While rental prices are rising, it’s still possible to get good deals on the villas. The only downside is that it takes roughly 40 minutes to get to town by car.

Al Raha

Al Raha mainly consists of villa compounds, but apartments are also available. There's a Spinneys and Waitrose in the area, and Al Raha Mall has a Lulu Express supermarket. New shops, schools and hotels are adding to the attraction of this developing waterfront area.

Expats moving to Abu Dhabi with kids will find themselves one of the many foreign families that have come to settle in this former desert outpost.

Adjusting to the weather in Abu Dhabi is a challenge that can be difficult for expats. 

While the emirate advertises its year-round sunshine and sparse rainfall as one of its most attractive qualities, expats should be forewarned that the constant blue skies bring with them extreme heat, particularly during summer (June to September).

Temperatures can average around 100°F (40°C) during this season, peaking in August. Many expats plan long family holidays during this period to escape the uncomfortably hot conditions. Though, if expats can't arrange some time away, most buildings are air-conditioned and maintain a cool temperature. 

On the other hand, the mild months (November to April) in Abu Dhabi are pleasant. Temperatures hover around 75°F (24°C), rarely dipping below 50°F (10°C) even on the coldest nights.

Expats will have access to a wide range of options when it comes to having their little ones taken care of in the UAE capital. There are various nursery schools and kindergartens in Abu Dhabi that are aimed at foreigners, and which take a variety of approaches. The British Early Years Foundation Stage is a particularly popular curriculum.

Some of the most prominent nurseries and kindergartens in Abu Dhabi are listed below.

Nurseries and kindergartens in Abu Dhabi

British Orchard Nursery

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: British Early Years Foundation Stage
Ages: 6 months to 4 years
Website: www.britishorchardnursery.com

Falcon British Nursery

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: British Early Years Foundation Stage
Ages: 1.5 months to 4 years
Website: www.falconbritishnursery.com

Jigsaw Preschool

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: British Early Years Foundation Stage
Ages: 1.5 months to 4 years
Website: www.jigsawnursery.ae

Odyssey Nursery

Gender: Co-educational
Curriculum: American and Reggio Emilia
Ages: 4 months to 4 years
Website: www.odysseynursery.com

Keeping in touch in Abu Dhabi is quite easy, although relatively expensive compared to what some expats may be used to. Internet, telephone, mobile phone and post are available and service standards are quite good.

Two companies hold the monopoly over both telephone and internet services in the UAE, namely Etisalat (the national telecommunications company) and its primary rival on the market, Du. 

Mobile phones are the most common method of communication in the UAE. As both Etisalat and du offer similar services, the only comprehensive difference is in coverage by their respective networks. Expats are able to apply for mobile phone contracts, but pay-as-you-go services are most common.

Mobile phone coverage in the UAE is good, both nationally and internationally, and Etisalat and du both offer a variety of plans and services.

Internet connectivity in the UAE is widespread and reliable. Etisalat and du offer a broad spectrum of internet options, with the UAE now having one of the highest rates of fibre-to-the-home connectivity in the world. Internet costs can be pricey, however.

Censorship is still common in Abu Dhabi, with numerous websites blocked in the emirate. Any material deemed to be offensive or inconsistent with the religious, political or moral values of the UAE is blocked. Pornographic, gambling and dating sites are also blocked. However, most of the main social networking sites, including Instagram, Facebook and Twitter, are accessible.

Voice- and video-calling features in apps, such as WhatsApp, Skype, FaceTime and Facebook Messenger, are disabled. This is to keep consumers reliant on paid internet-calling plans from Etisalat and du.

Although traditional postal services are not very common nowadays, this service is very reliable in the UAE; postal services are used primarily for important documents sent by couriers. Couriers are usually on time, and the hassle is minimal.

Shipping packages or sending letters overseas is also easy. Mail can be sent to the home by arrangement but most people receive mail either at their work address or via PO Box. Couriers are used for important home deliveries, such as credit cards.

English-language media is readily available in the UAE. The National and Gulf News are English-language dailies that also have active websites. A number of other English magazines and newspapers are also readily available, including Aquarius, Time Out Abu Dhabi and Abu Dhabi World. There are also English radio and television stations.

Access to English-language television channels is quite good, including the Dubai-based Dubai One, as well as the BBC and Fox.

Buses

Expats who aren’t keen to buy or rent a car in Abu Dhabi and don't want to brave the emirate’s roads alone often get around by taxi. Taxis can be flagged on the street or ordered ahead by telephone. Most taxis in Abu Dhabi are silver and are easily spotted. Taxis are usually metered and are relatively affordable.

Ride-hailing services are also available, and expats can download their choice of Uber, Lyft or Careem, among others, as an app on their phone, which makes communication with drivers and payment much simpler.